材(cai)在变形过(guo)(guo)程中随着(zhe)轧(ya)(ya)机的回转以(yi)及(ji)送(song)进(jin)，逐渐进(jin)行(xing)减(jian)壁、减(jian)径(jing)，单位长度(du)的管(guan)材(cai)在一个轧(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)道次中一般经过(guo)(guo)5~10次轧(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)、精整才能获(huo)得工(gong)艺要(yao)求的管(guan)材(cai)尺寸规格。冷轧(ya)(ya)管(guan)机可进(jin)行(xing)大减(jian)径(jing)、减(jian)壁加工(gong)，但是轧(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)尺寸精度(du)较(jiao)低，管(guan)端部易出(chu)(chu)现(xian)(xian)开裂、凹(ao)凸(tu)不齐等(deng)现(xian)(xian)象，对于开裂现(xian)(xian)象，主要(yao)通过(guo)(guo)管(guan)坯加工(gong)前(qian)修磨、平齐等(deng)方法可解决(jue);对于出(chu)(chu)现(xian)(xian)的管(guan)端不齐，类似“鱼嘴”状现(xian)(xian)象，在后(hou)(hou)续加工(gong)过(guo)(guo)程中需进(jin)行(xing)平头处理，否则会造(zao)成插(cha)头闷车事故，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)，本(ben)文(wen)从工(gong)艺、工(gong)模具、设备等(deng)方面进(jin)行(xing)分析，旨(zhi)在找出(chu)(chu)引(yin)起管(guan)端凹(ao)凸(tu)不齐的原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)，采取有效(xiao)措施进(jin)行(xing)解决(jue)。芯(xin)杆与芯(xin)杆小车连接处花(hua)键间(jian)隙(xi)过(guo)(guo)大及(ji)由此(ci)(ci)导致的芯(xin)棒(bang)位置严重移(yi)位是造(zao)成此(ci)(ci)次管(guan)坯轧(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)管(guan)材(cai)端部凹(ao)凸(tu)不齐的主要(yao)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)。

经过(guo)开坯轧(ya)制(zhi)时，在(zai)一(yi)个(ge)道次内(nei)一(yi)般要(yao)经过(guo)多次精整，轧(ya)成需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)钛管(guan)(guan)规格(ge)后，管(guan)(guan)材端(duan)(duan)部(bu)一(yi)般会出(chu)现(xian)1~2mm的(de)(de)(de)轻微的(de)(de)(de)起伏(fu)。该批钛管(guan)(guan)在(zai)原材料及工艺方面与之(zhi)前(qian)生(sheng)产(chan)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)材无差别，但(dan)是(shi)出(chu)现(xian)较为严(yan)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)凹(ao)凸(tu)(tu)起伏(fu)现(xian)象(xiang)，长(zhang)度达(da)70mm，占管(guan)(guan)材长(zhang)度的(de)(de)(de)1%，从加工前(qian)后外径及壁(bi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)测(ce)试(shi)结果来看，试(shi)样壁(bi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)波动较大，凸(tu)(tu)部(bu)位测(ce)量(liang)数据平均壁(bi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)2.33mm，凹(ao)部(bu)位测(ce)量(liang)数据平均壁(bi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)2.60mm，两者壁(bi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)差值(zhi)达(da)到了0.27mm，而正常轧(ya)制(zhi)后的(de)(de)(de)钛管(guan)(guan)端(duan)(duan)部(bu)壁(bi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)偏差为0.05~0.10mm，壁(bi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)偏差必然引(yin)起延伸系数的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)，可以说端(duan)(duan)部(bu)管(guan)(guan)材轧(ya)制(zhi)时减(jian)壁(bi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)均是(shi)造成管(guan)(guan)端(duan)(duan)头(tou)不(bu)齐的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)接(jie)原因，因此，造成管(guan)(guan)端(duan)(duan)凹(ao)凸(tu)(tu)不(bu)齐可能是(shi)设备或(huo)工模具(ju)所致。

由工模(mo)具(ju)引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)壁厚(hou)不(bu)(bu)均(jun)有(you)齿(chi)(chi)轮齿(chi)(chi)条(tiao)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)装、模(mo)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)对(dui)正、模(mo)具(ju)开(kai)口度(du)等因素。经过测量(liang)(liang)，上下模(mo)具(ju)孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)开(kai)口度(du)相差(cha)(cha)0.05。；塞(sai)尺(chi)(chi)测量(liang)(liang)孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)间隙(xi)(xi)0.05mm,齿(chi)(chi)轮与(yu)齿(chi)(chi)条(tiao)间隙(xi)(xi)约1.6mm;齿(chi)(chi)条(tiao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)机架上固(gu)定(ding)无(wu)松动现(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)，定(ding)位(wei)块无(wu)变形;孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)左右错位(wei)切.02mm，零线对(dui)齐(qi)。以上测量(liang)(liang)数据(ju)表明，模(mo)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)装均(jun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)设(she)(she)计(ji)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)范围内。由设(she)(she)备原因引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)壁厚(hou)不(bu)(bu)均(jun)有(you)送(song)(song)(song)进(jin)(jin)(jin)量(liang)(liang)、回(hui)(hui)转(zhuan)角度(du)、动作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)协调(diao)性等原因。轧(ya)(ya)制(zhi)车(che)速及(ji)送(song)(song)(song)进(jin)(jin)(jin)量(liang)(liang)按照工艺(yi)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)执(zhi)行(xing)(xing)，设(she)(she)备运行(xing)(xing)过程中，在(zai)(zai)(zai)后(hou)死(si)(si)点回(hui)(hui)转(zhuan)及(ji)送(song)(song)(song)进(jin)(jin)(jin)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian)(qian)死(si)(si)点回(hui)(hui)转(zhuan)，动作(zuo)协调(diao)，未发现(xian)(xian)(xian)回(hui)(hui)转(zhuan)送(song)(song)(song)进(jin)(jin)(jin)动作(zuo)提前(qian)(qian)(qian)及(ji)滞后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)现(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang);在(zai)(zai)(zai)设(she)(she)备设(she)(she)计(ji)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)范围之内;继续测量(liang)(liang)轧(ya)(ya)制(zhi)时(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)送(song)(song)(song)进(jin)(jin)(jin)量(liang)(liang)，发现(xian)(xian)(xian)送(song)(song)(song)进(jin)(jin)(jin)量(liang)(liang)均(jun)匀(yun)，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)发现(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)送(song)(song)(song)进(jin)(jin)(jin)时(shi)(shi)，与(yu)管(guan)(guan)坯同轴(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)杆(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)窜(cuan)动较(jiao)大，达到了10mm，按照要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)杆(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)轧(ya)(ya)制(zhi)时(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)窜(cuan)动量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)应该大于0.5mm，否(fou)则会严(yan)重(zhong)影响轧(ya)(ya)制(zhi)时(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)位(wei)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)准确性，进(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步检(jian)查发现(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)杆(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)与(yu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)杆(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)小(xiao)车(che)连接(jie)处花(hua)键(jian)(jian)(jian)间隙(xi)(xi)为20mm，超出间隙(xi)(xi)8mm的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。当(dang)钛管(guan)(guan)材在(zai)(zai)(zai)后(hou)死(si)(si)点送(song)(song)(song)进(jin)(jin)(jin)时(shi)(shi)，由于花(hua)键(jian)(jian)(jian)与(yu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)杆(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)间隙(xi)(xi)过大，必然导(dao)致钛管(guan)(guan)坯前(qian)(qian)(qian)进(jin)(jin)(jin)时(shi)(shi)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)杆(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)也(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian)(qian)进(jin)(jin)(jin)，这样在(zai)(zai)(zai)轧(ya)(ya)制(zhi)时(shi)(shi)与(yu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)杆(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)相连接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)发生(sheng)了较(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)变化，即:芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)与(yu)孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)不(bu)(bu)再是(shi)(shi)(shi)工艺(yi)设(she)(she)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)，而是(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)移(yi)。这样当(dang)轧(ya)(ya)制(zhi)到前(qian)(qian)(qian)死(si)(si)点时(shi)(shi)，管(guan)(guan)材实际上被轧(ya)(ya)到较(jiao)薄的(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)(chi)寸;但是(shi)(shi)(shi)虽然芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)杆(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)跟(gen)着管(guan)(guan)坯往前(qian)(qian)(qian)走(zou)，花(hua)键(jian)(jian)(jian)前(qian)(qian)(qian)端的(de)(de)(de)弹(dan)簧此时(shi)(shi)却一(yi)直(zhi)受力(li)，当(dang)孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)走(zou)到前(qian)(qian)(qian)死(si)(si)点时(shi)(shi)，管(guan)(guan)材的(de)(de)(de)内孔(kong)(kong)与(yu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)脱开(kai)，此时(shi)(shi)弹(dan)簧将芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)杆(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)后(hou)推，这样芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)也(ye)后(hou)退，此时(shi)(shi)孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)对(dui)钛管(guan)(guan)轧(ya)(ya)制(zhi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)侧(ce)边壁厚(hou)较(jiao)厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)位(wei)进(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)均(jun)整，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)由于芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)退，该均(jun)整的(de)(de)(de)壁厚(hou)较(jiao)厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)位(wei)却未均(jun)整，于是(shi)(shi)(shi)造成(cheng)了壁厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)较(jiao)大差(cha)(cha)异。调(diao)整芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)杆(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)与(yu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)杆(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)小(xiao)车(che)连接(jie)处花(hua)键(jian)(jian)(jian)间隙(xi)(xi)，通过调(diao)整后(hou)，发现(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)端头不(bu)(bu)齐(qi)现(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)消失。